The magnitude of occurrence of the parasites and diseases were higher in the wet season. External parasites (mites), Coccidiosis and Newcastle disease were the most important and prevailing diseases in the study area with 39%, 38% and 34% incidence rates, respectively. Selling of unprocessed eggs and live chickens is mainly practiced. Most of the chicken are owned and managed by women (36.75%). Scavenging is the only feeding system encountered in all study districts with little grain supplementation. In the present study, 82% of the households provide overnight housing within the family house for their chicken. Average flock size of chickens in the study area was 9.4 birds and varied between 4 and 17 birds. Scavenging chicken production system is observed in all households of the districts. Data on characteristics of village chicken production, feeds and feeding practices, housing, management of chicken and eggs, Marketing, diseases and constraints of village chicken production system were collected. A total of 80 chicken owner households were randomly selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire.

The study was conducted from July in four selected districts in the highlands of eastern Ethiopia (Haramaya, Kersa, Jarso and Meta). This experiment is designed to study the characteristics of village chicken husbandry practice, marketing and constraints in eastern Ethiopia. In summary the results of this study tends to indicate that production performance of indigenous chicken is low under traditional production practice and need to be improved. About 100% of the respondents reported to keep different classes of chicken together, the practice of which facilitates transmission of diseases. Almost all the respondents reported poultry and poultry product market price fluctuation attributed to limitation in land holding, disease occurrence and low purchasing power of the consumers.

The results obtained clearly showed that poultry diseases are widely spread in the Woreda and farmers pointed out that, Newcastle Disease, fowl cholera respiratory diseases and predators are responsible for the major losses of birds in the study sites. About 77.5% of all the respondents share family dwellings with poultry, attributed to the small flock size, low priority given to chicken and relatively high cost of poultry house construction. Finally, all the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 120 households were used for the survey work. Survey on rural chicken production system was conducted in three peasant associations of Haramaya Woreda of Oromia regional state to generate information on the problems and constraints emending the developments of their community with particular emphasis on poultry production and to list the possible opportunities and strategies that could solve these problems.

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